In many cases, it’s possible to perform a do-it-yourself (DIY) installation of a Level 1 electric vehicle (EV) charger at home. However, installing a Level 2 EV charger is more challenging, and Level 3 fast chargers are not designed for installation at residences.
Typically, EV charger installation requires hardware and software. This FAQ considers both. It begins with a brief refresher on the different levels of EV chargers, then dives into installation considerations for Level 1, especially for the higher-power Level 2 chargers, and how the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) can be used to coordinate the operation of two or more chargers.
- Level 1 are basic, low-power chargers that can be plugged into a standard 120-Vac outlet. They’re simple to install, but their low power only trickles the battery (Figure 1). It can take 24 hours or longer to reach a meaningful level of charge/range. Installation is straightforward—hang it on the wall, plug it in, and you’re ready to charge an EV.
- Level 2 chargers have much higher wattage and can deliver up to 19.2 kW, depending on the design. They are often used in public charging stations and can be installed in homes. Installation is more complex than that of Level 1 chargers and, as detailed below, usually involves a building permit and inspection. The benefit of the extra effort is that it charges much faster. Most Level 2 chargers can fully charge an EV battery pack overnight.
- Level 3 are dc fast chargers and can deliver a meaningful amount of charge to an EV battery pack in 30 minutes or less. They require high-power 480 Vac utility service that’s not generally available for residences and is therefore unsuitable for home installations.
Table 1. Many Level 1 and some Level 2 chargers can be installed at home by DIYers. (Table: Evocharge)
Level 2 installations
Level 2 chargers often require the installer to obtain a building permit and have the local jurisdiction inspect them. Depending on the jurisdiction, that can apply to plug-in and hardwired installations. A charger rated for 40A (9.6 kW) or less can often be plugged in, while larger chargers can deliver up to 19.2 kW and require hardwired installations (Figure 1).
In some jurisdictions, a dedicated electric meter is required for Level 2 charger installations. The DIYer should check these and any other local requirements.
Figure 1. This 9.6-kW Level 2 EV charger can be plugged into a wall outlet or hardwired. (Image: Service Wise Electric)
Basic considerations when installing a level 2 charger include:
- Having the correct electrical outlet (for plug-in models).
- Making sure the circuit can handle the required amperage.
- Ensuring the charger cable can reach from the charger to the EV being charged.
A new 240 Vac circuit is often needed to install a level 2 charger. It’s strongly recommended that a licensed electrician do the installation. If there is not enough room for the needed circuit breaker, the electrical panel can also be upgraded.
Software
Software that can enhance the operation of residential Level 1 and Level 2 chargers is available. Some software packages are bundled with the chargers, and others are available on a subscription basis. Installers need to consider the wireless connectivity required for charger software. Some chargers work only with proprietary software packages, while others are compatible with third-party software or open software applications like OCPP.
Figure 2. This smart EV charger includes OCPP communications and can automatically switch between Level 1 and Level 2 operation. (Image: Smartenit)
Summary
Most DIYers can easily install level 1 EV chargers. Level 2 charger installation involves a dedicated 240 Vac circuit and usually requires the services of a qualified electrician. In addition, the permitting and other requirements for Level 2 chargers vary widely, and DIYers must be aware of the requirements at their specific location. Depending on the charger being installed, a variety of software can be available.
References
- 3 tricks to implement Smart Charging with OCPP 1.6, Ampcontrol Technologies
- Do I Need a Permit to Install an EV Charger At Home?, Qmerit
- Electric Car Charger Installation, Service Wise Electric
- How to Install Your Own Level 2 EV Charging Station at Home, Evocharge
- Installing an EV Charger at Home, HGTV
- The Difference Between Level 1 & 2 EV Chargers, Evocharge
Images
Filed Under: Charging, FAQs